Adrian Tett of CUBE comes together with collaborators Edoardo Pasolli, Giulia Masetti, Danilo Ercolini and Nicola Segata to discuss Prevotella diversity, prevalence and abundance with the human host, and evidence the role of Prevotella in both health and disease. They Highlight how genomic methods have contributed to the understanding of this enigmatic genus and how future research can further resolve the ecological role of Prevotella in the human microbiome.